The closest attack was just 4 km to the north. In Inn Din, several hundred fearful Buddhists took refuge in the monastery in the center of the village, more than a dozen of their number said. Two paramilitary police officers and Soe Chay, the retired soldier, said the troops belonged to the 11th infantry regiment of this division.
The army officer in charge told villagers they must cook for the soldiers and act as lookouts at night, Soe Chay said. The officer promised his troops would protect Buddhist villagers from their Rohingya neighbors.
Five Buddhist villagers said the officer told them they could volunteer to join security operations. Myanmar media reported at the time that the three were sentenced to death by a district court.
Its ranks included Buddhist firefighters, school teachers, students and unemployed young men. They also had a handful of guns, according to one member. Two of the paramilitary police officers, both members of the 8th Security Police Battalion, said their battalion raided Rohingya hamlets with soldiers from the newly arrived 33rd Light Infantry. The second police officer described taking part in several raids on villages north of Inn Din.
The raids involved at least 20 soldiers and between five and seven police, he said. A military captain or major led the soldiers, while a police captain oversaw the police team.
The purpose of the raids was to deter the Rohingya from returning. The image is deliberately blurred here; click on the arrow to view at full resolution. Reuters shared the photo with Luis Fondebrider, a forensic anthropologist. A police spokesman, Colonel Myo Thu Soe, said he knew of no instances of security forces torching villages or wearing civilian clothing.
A medical assistant at the Inn Din village clinic, Aung Myat Tun, 20, said he took part in several raids. The police said they will shoot and kill us if they see any of us taking photos. The night watchman San Thein, a leading member of the village security group, said troops first swept through the Muslim hamlets. Then, he said, the military sent in Buddhist villagers to burn the houses. A Rakhine Buddhist youth said he thought he heard the sound of a child inside one Rohingya home that was burned.
A second villager said he participated in burning a Rohingya home that was occupied. Soe Chay, the retired soldier who was to dig the grave for the 10 Rohingya men, said he participated in one killing. He told Reuters that troops discovered three Rohingya men and a woman hiding beside a haystack in Inn Din on Aug. One of the men had a smartphone that could be used to take incriminating pictures.
They pointed out the man with the phone and told him to stand up. Similar violence was playing out across a large part of northern Rakhine, dozens of Buddhist and Rohingya residents said. Data from the U. Operational Satellite Applications Programme shows scores of Rohingya villages in Rakhine state burned in an area stretching km. New York-based Human Rights Watch says more than villages were torched over the three months from Aug.
In the village of Laungdon, some 65 km north of Inn Din, Thar Nge, 38, said he was asked by police and local officials to join a Buddhist security group. A Buddhist student from Ta Man Tha village, 15 km north of Laungdon, said he too participated in the burning of Rohingya homes. Nearly 50 volunteered and gathered fuel from motorbikes and from a market. We were not allowed to enter the village directly. We had to surround it and approach the village that way. You just light the edge of the roof.
After the Rohingya had fled Inn Din, Buddhist villagers took their property, including chickens and goats, Buddhist residents told Reuters. But the most valuable goods, mostly motorcycles and cattle, were collected by members of the 8th Security Police Battalion and sold, said the first police officer and Inn Din village administrator Maung Thein Chay. Maung Thein Chay said the commander of the 8th Battalion, Thant Zin Oo, struck a deal with Buddhist businessmen from other parts of Rakhine state and sold them cattle.
The police officer said he had stolen four cows from Rohingya villagers, only for Thant Zin Oo to snatch them away. Reached by phone, Thant Zin Oo did not comment. Colonel Myo Thu Soe, the police spokesman, said the police would investigate the allegations of looting. By Sept. They erected tarpaulin shelters to shield themselves from heavy rain. Among this group were the 10 Rohingya men who would be killed the next morning.
The wealthiest of the group, Abul Hashim, 25, ran a store selling nets and machine parts to fishermen and farmers. Abdul Majid, a year-old father of eight, ran a small shop selling areca nut wrapped in betel leaves, commonly chewed like tobacco. Abulu, 17, and Rashid Ahmed, 18, were high school students.
Abdul Malik, 30, was an Islamic teacher. According to the statement released by the army on Jan. Ten of them were arrested. The country's leader Aung San Suu Kyi, once a human rights icon, has repeatedly denied allegations of genocide.
Described by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as "one of, if not the, most discriminated people in the world", the Rohingya are one of Myanmar's many ethnic minorities. The Rohingya, who numbered around one million in Myanmar at the start of , are one of the many ethnic minorities in the country.
Rohingya Muslims represent the largest percentage of Muslims in Myanmar, with the majority living in Rakhine state. They have their own language and culture and say they are descendants of Arab traders and other groups who have been in the region for generations. But the government of Myanmar, a predominantly Buddhist country, denies the Rohingya citizenship and even excluded them from the census, refusing to recognise them as a people.
Since the s, Rohingya have migrated across the region in significant numbers. Estimates of their numbers are often much higher than official figures. In the last few years, before the latest crisis, thousands of Rohingya made perilous journeys out of Myanmar to escape communal violence or alleged abuses by the security forces.
The exodus began on 25 August after Rohingya Arsa militants launched deadly attacks on more than 30 police posts. Rohingyas arriving in Bangladesh said they fled after troops, backed by local Buddhist mobs, responded by burning their villages and attacking and killing civilians.
Amnesty International says the Myanmar military also raped and abused Rohingya women and girls. The government, which puts the number of dead at , claims that "clearance operations" against the militants ended on 5 September, but BBC correspondents have seen evidence that they continued after that date. At least villages were partially or totally destroyed by fire in northern Rakhine state after August , according to analysis of satellite imagery by Human Rights Watch.
The imagery shows many areas where Rohingya villages were reduced to smouldering rubble, while nearby ethnic Rakhine villages were left intact. Human Rights Watch say most damage occurred in Maungdaw Township, between 25 August and 25 September - with many villages destroyed after 5 September, when Myanmar's de facto leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, said security force operations had ended.
A report published by UN investigators in August accused Myanmar's military of carrying out mass killings and rapes with "genocidal intent".
The ICJ case, lodged by the small Muslim-majority nation of The Gambia, in West Africa, on behalf of dozens of other Muslim countries, called for emergency measures to be taken against the Myanmar military, known as Tatmadaw, until a fuller investigation could be launched. Aung San Suu Kyi rejected allegations of genocide when she appeared at the court in December But in January , the court's initial ruling ordered Myanmar to take emergency measures to protect the Rohingya from being persecuted and killed.
While the ICJ only rules on disputes between states, the International Criminal Court ICC has the authority to try individuals accused of war crimes or crimes against humanity.
The body approved a full investigation into the case of the Rohingya in Myanmar in November. Although Myanmar itself is not a member of the court, the ICC ruled it had jurisdiction in the case because Bangladesh, where victims fled to, is a member.
Myanmar has long denied carrying out genocide and says it is carrying out its own investigations into the events of Her cashew plantation burned in the name of protection of forests. Please note that the picture is to illustrate the story and is not from Baphlimali. Esther is a member of the indigenous Ogiek community living in the Mau Forest in Kenya.
Her family lives in one of the most isolated and inaccessible parts of the forest, with no roads, no health facilities and no government social infrastructure.
The Ogiek were evicted from some forest areas, which have since been logged. The Ogiek consider it essential to preserve their forest home; others are content to use it to make money in the short term. Esther has a year-old daughter living with a physical disability who has never attended basic school, as it is over 12 kilometres away.
Young children living in these areas face challenges such as long distances to school, fears of assault by wild animals and dangers from people they may encounter on the journey. Because the Ogiek have no legally recognised land rights, despite hundreds of years of residence in this forest, the government is refusing to provide social services or public facilities in the area.
Ensuring that the Ogiek can access health services and education is essential and will mean that they can continue living on their land, protecting and conserving the environment there. We are also advocating for equity in access to education and health by supporting OPDP to ensure that budgets for services are allocated fairly and are used well. The consequence of this wealth is that successive governments — colonial and post-colonial — have seen greater value in the land than the people.
This has led to extensive open cast mining which is doubly damaging to the climate, despite the opposition of the Khadia tribe. Archana is a rare example of an indigenous activist who is involved in UN debates; we need to support many more indigenous peoples and acknowledge their expertise.
Minority Rights Group acts as a bridge between excluded communities and decision makers, telling indigenous peoples about opportunities to contribute and reminding decision makers that they need to listen to and involve all, particularly those with proven strategies of living in harmony with nature.
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