Then, he traveled west to the Rosebud and Pine Ridge agencies just across the Nebraska border to convince reluctant parents to send their children halfway across the country to become white men. That first year, 82 children went to Carlisle to be educated. Some were from families who wanted the education, others were from poor families, and some were orphans who had lost their parents. The school grew, in part because Pratt used ingenious "before and after" photographs to demonstrate his success to potential white supporters.
Over 10, Indian children went through the Carlisle program in the 39 years it was open. Eventually, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Thomas Morgan, expanded the educational effort and built a total of 19 schools across the country.
One school was built in Genoa, Nebraska. But the schools gradually developed critics. For one thing, many of the children died at school as they were exposed to diseases for which they had no natural immunity. Few graduated during the eight available years of schooling. Many young students were so homesick that they tried to run away, despite the fact that it might be over a thousand miles back home.
Punishment was harsh for those that ran or for those who could not follow a set of militaristic rules. They were punished for speaking their Native languages. There were disagreements over the kind of education that was best to teach.
And despite all the punishment and intensive living experience, the children tended to maintain their sense of Indian identity. Most did not assimilate. Toggle navigation History Timeline. Pre - - - - - - - - - - Present. The Reservation System. Show Menu The Reservation System. The Reservation System. Previous Boarding Schools. This concept also keeps a check to ensure that the benefits of reservation do not get extended to subsequent generations.
This is done by adding clauses for the same in the Indian Constitution rd Constitution Amendment Act, To a great extent, the repercussions are still felt. Original Consitution of India has provided reservation only for quota in legislatures — that too only for 10 years until article Subsequent amendments to the constitution extended the period of reservation for quota in legislatures.
Provisions of reservations in Educational Institutions and Government Jobs — article 15 4 and article 16 4 — were too created by means of Constitutional Amendments later. No time period is given for the validity of the reservations mentioned in article 15 4 and article 16 4. The initial reservations were only for SC and ST [article 15 4 and article 16 4 ]. OBCs were included in the ambit of reservation in [article 15 5 ]. In , Economically Weaker Sections are also included [article 15 6 and article 16 6 ].
Reservation is one of the tools against social oppression and injustice against certain classes. Otherwise known as affirmative action, reservation helps in uplifting backward classes.
However, reservation is just one of the methods for social upliftment. There are many other methods like providing scholarships, funds, coachings, and other welfare schemes. The way the reservation is implemented and executed in India is largely governed by vote-bank politics. Indian Consitution allowed reservation only for socially and educationally backward classes.
However, in India, it became caste-based reservation instead of class-based reservation. Know more. However, it got extended ever since. The benefits of the reservation were successively enjoyed only by a few communities or families , excluding the truly deserving ones.
Even 70 years after independence, the demand for reservation has only increased. Now, with the introduction of economic criteria for reservation, in addition to the caste-criteria which already existed, things have become more complicated. There is no doubt that unequals should not be treated equally. However, is the current system of unequal treatment perfect? Is it creating more injustice? Is it the only way out in a welfare-nation?
Reservation based entirely on economic criteria is not an all-in-one solution, though family income can be one of the parameters. Also, its time to fix a time period for the reservation system — rather than extending it to eternity. Denying India, the service of the meritorious candidates , who see them being overtaken by others with lesser academic performance or brilliance, is also a crime and injustice. How is affirmative action done in other countries?
Reforms in the reservation system of India is the need of the hour. However, as the subject of reservation revolves around a lot of votes, parties are reluctant to disrupt the existing system. As per Article 16 4 , one of the main purposes of reservation is to provide adequate representation of all classes castes in government services.
Economic Reservation introduced by Article 16 6 is actually against this concept — as it does not take into consideration the caste-based representation. Supreme Court had also ruled that economic status cannot be the sole criterion for reservation. Many states had tried to implement Economic Reservation, however, they were subsequently quashed by Courts. Now, the Law will not be struck down by the Supreme Court if challenged as it has been brought by making required provisions in the Constitution.
Download Now. The claims of the member of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration, consistently, with the maintenance of efficiency of administration in the making of appointments to services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State.
Provided that nothing in this article shall prevent in the making of any provision in favour of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes for relaxation in qualifying marks in any examination or lowering the standards of evaluation , for reservation in matters of promotion to any class or classes of services or posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State. However, which percentage can be called adequate — without compromising the merit or efficiency of the administration?
Is the current level of reservation adequate? Or is it less? Or has it already compromised the merit? What do you think? Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and entrepreneur. He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'. I try my best. I wish to clear cs in can i sir? How can i study effectively sir? Pls guide me sir Hope u will reply. Satya — Thank you for the valuable feedback.
We are truly delighted to read comments like yours. Great to know that our style of presentation suits you. Your articles and way of presenting things related to various topics of social issues have always been very lucid and appropriate. Thanks allot for your valuable materials for civil service aspirants. Very good!
Those who oppose the reservation should understand the history behind it. So it shows that everyone want reservation for their benefit. It wrongly pronounced that there is not any creamy Lear in SC reservation policy. The well settled parents children also can get reservation.
It is wrong. I am being professor in history my children did not apply for scholarship or any facilities.. Second, it is wrongly pronounced that the less merits also can get service vide reservation. Also there is long que of candidates for few posts. The recruitment process is completed with merit list , the higher rank holders are selected.
Not from low marks. It is not fault of SC ,ST candidates , but it is faults of castiest minded person who made the Castes, caste is in mind and not in human body. It is shamful for the castiest minded group of people who promote caste system in India.
Freeze the all Castes , forbid the use of Caste indicating sirnames, disgnated names. The articles are very good with each section described so well! Hello…i am swati vasava.
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