He promises Buckingham the Earldom of Hereford as his reward for helping him. Hastings laughs off the omens and sends the messenger to bid Stanley to go with him to the council that is to be held at the Tower. Catesby arrives but Hastings refuses to accept his suggestion that Richard should be King.
Stanley arrives, full of foreboding, but accompanies Hastings to the council. Richard arrives and privately informs Buckingham that Hastings is not going to support them. Richard accuses Hastings of treason and orders his. All leave, whilst Hastings laments the future of England and his own folly. Buckingham goes to persuade the citizens that Richard has the only true right to the crown. The Mayor and citizens arrive, however, willing to be convinced. Richard pretends to be at his religious devotions, and though Buckingham urges him on behalf of the citizens to accept the crown, he refuses twice.
With feigned reluctance he finally accepts, and the Mayor and citizens hail him as their king. Brakenbury refuses them access on the orders of Richard, the Lord Protector. The women lament the prospect of Richard as King and the future of the Princes.
Elizabeth urges Dorset to flee to join Richmond abroad. Scene 2: Richard, now King, ascends his throne. He suggests to Buckingham that his position will only be sure if the young Princes are disposed of. Buckingham hesitates, and Richard, angry, decides Buckingham is no longer trustworthy. He enlists the help of Tyrrel to carry out the Princes murder. Buckingham returns to claim his Earldom, but Richard treats him with contempt. Scene 3: Tyrrel soliloquizes on the brutality of the murder of the two Princes.
Richard prepares for war. Scene 4: Whilst Queen Elizabeth and the Duchess of York lament their woes, Margaret sees them as a just retribution for her sorrows. Richard presses Elizabeth to woo her daughter on his behalf, and she leaves apparently agreeing to his demands.
Richard orders him to raise his forces but leave his son behind as hostage. More messengers bring news of further uprisings. Richard orders his army to march to meet Richmond.
He sends a message by Urswick saying he cannot openly support Richmond whilst his son is held hostage. Act 5 Scene 1: Buckingham is led out to execution. Scene 2: Richmond enters and speaks of their unhindered success. Scene 3: Richard sets up his camp to intercept Richmond, and sets off to study the lie of the land. Richmond sets up his camp, sending a secret message to Stanley. He then retires into his tent to sleep. Stanley secretly visits Richmond to pledge his support in the battle.
Richmond, left alone, prays for victory and then sleeps. The ghosts of all those Richard has murdered visit the two camps, promising destruction to Richard and victory to Richmond. Richard awakes in terror, conscience-stricken. Ratcliffe comes to tell him it is morning and time to arm.
He makes an encouraging oration to his army. Richard sets out his battle plans, calling for Stanley to bring his powers. He also makes an oration to his army. Scene 4: The battle of Bosworth is raging. Richard appears seeking a horse to regain the advantage in the field. Scene 5: Richard and Richmond meet face to face in single combat. Richard is killed. Margaret curses Richard and the kingdom. To counter any claims to the crown, Richard confines his nephews, the young Prince of Wales and his brother, in the Tower of London.
Buckingham assists Richard's rise to power by helping persuade the Lord Mayor and the people of London to support their faction. Richard has Lord Hastings, the Lord Chamberlain, executed for attempting to thwart him. Richard also sends an assassin to smother the princes in the tower in their sleep. Buckingham suspects Richard's role in the death of the young princes. Then when he is denied an earldom, Buckingham seeks to raise an army against Richard.
Richard captures and executes him. He has his current wife, Anne, murdered. The Lancasters and their allies are sometimes called the Lancastrians; the Yorks and their allies are called the Yorkists.
But in the late fifteenth century, fighting broke out again, this time between Lancasters and Yorks. Henry VI briefly resumed the kingship in , but again he was deposed. In , Henry's son and destined heir, known as Edward, prince of Wales, a title always given to the current heir to the throne was killed in battle, and Henry was put to death. After the executions, Edward took the throne once again.
The action of Richard III begins shortly after this event, but in reality the hostility between the two families was much older. The Lancastrians had killed a second York son—Edmund, earl of Rutland—when he was still quite young. Shakespeare often plays fast and loose with the facts, stretching and altering the timeline to suit his dramatic purposes, but the plays generally are based upon historical records. His malicious and slightly deformed younger brother, Richard, is power-hungry and is plotting to get his hands on the throne.
However, a great many people stand between him and the kingship. For example, even when King Edward himself dies, he will leave behind two sons who are in line for the throne: the young Prince Edward, the crown prince, and his brother, the young duke of York.
The royal couple also has a daughter, young Elizabeth, who will later become an important pawn in royal marriage negotiations. Richard must dispose of Clarence in order to clear the line of descent and seize the throne.
Richmond feels that he has a claim to the throne for which he is willing to challenge Richard—setting us up for the final showdown between the Houses of York and Lancaster at the Battle of Bosworth Field. SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook.
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